Parent’s Guide to Treating Pediatric Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions where the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) becomes too high, damaging the optic nerve. Though it is rare in children, pediatric glaucoma can lead to vision loss if not treated properly. In children, this can occur from birth (congenital glaucoma), develop during infancy, or arise later as secondary glaucoma due to other conditions. 

In the U.S. alone, pediatric glaucoma is diagnosed nearly in every 1 out of 10000 births each year. While glaucoma in adults tends to develop slowly, pediatric glaucoma can rapidly progress, leading to permanent vision damage if left untreated. 

Read this article to learn about pediatric glaucoma, its symptoms, causes, and treatment.

Some of the most common signs of glaucoma in kids have been listed below.

Pediatric glaucoma can be categorized into

It is usually genetic and due to abnormal eye development. Besides, PCG is also related to mutations in the CYP1B1 gene and family history.

Secondary glaucoma results from other factors like trauma, eye surgery, or inflammatory diseases. Other associated risk factors include injuries, prolonged steroid use, and conditions like Sturge-Weber syndrome. 

Diagnosis of pediatric glaucoma typically includes a proper eye exam to measure intraocular pressure (IOP), checking the optic nerve for damage, or the cornea for enlargement or clouding, which are the typical signs of glaucoma in kids. Other tests like gonioscopy and visual field testing may also be recommended for older children.

Generally, treating glaucoma cannot effectively be controlled only by medications. Surgeries like trabeculotomy or goniotomy are performed to improve fluid drainage from the eye. In some cases, glaucoma drainage devices or medications such as eye drops are used to manage the condition long-term. 

According to the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS), early treatment for congenital glaucoma can help save vision in 75–90% of cases. Delay in treatment can lead to significant vision impairment or even blindness.

Pediatric glaucoma is a serious eye condition, and its impact on a child’s vision can be significant. Therefore, it is important for parents to keep up with their kids with regular eye checkups and consult with a specialist if they notice any symptoms. By ensuring early diagnosis and prompt treatment, kids can maintain good vision and lead healthy, active lives.

If you suspect any signs of glaucoma in your child, seek immediate medical attention.