Flu During Pregnancy: Risks for Your Baby & How to Stay Safe

Pregnancy is a beautiful journey, but it also comes with heightened health concerns. One such concern is the flu, a common yet potentially dangerous viral infection. Since pregnancy weakens the immune system, expecting mothers are more susceptible to severe flu complications. More importantly, the flu can pose risks to the developing fetus.

The flu is more than just a seasonal nuisance. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of severe flu complications due to immune system changes, increased heart rate, and reduced lung capacity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pregnant individuals with the flu are more likely to experience severe symptoms, hospitalization, and even life-threatening complications like pneumonia.

The flu doesn’t just impact the mother—it can also affect the baby in several ways:

• Premature Birth: High fever from the flu can lead to early labor and delivery.

• Low Birth Weight: Babies born to mothers who had the flu during pregnancy may have a lower birth weight.

• Neural Tube Defects: Some studies suggest that high fevers, especially in early pregnancy, may increase the risk of birth defects affecting the brain and spine.

• Increased Risk of Stillbirth: Severe flu infections may increase the likelihood of stillbirth, although rare.

1. Get the Flu Vaccine

The flu shot is the best defense against the virus. It is safe during all trimesters and offers protection to both the mother and the baby. Babies whose mothers get vaccinated during pregnancy receive antibodies, which protect them for the first few months of life before they can be vaccinated.

2. Practice Good Hygiene

• Wash hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

• Avoid touching your face, especially your nose, eyes, and mouth.

• Disinfect frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs, phones, and countertops.

3. Maintain a Healthy Immune System

• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and protein.

• Stay hydrated with plenty of fluids.

• Get enough sleep (at least 7-9 hours per night).

• Engage in light pregnancy-safe exercises.

4. Avoid Crowds and Sick People

Flu spreads easily in crowded places. If flu cases are rising in your area, try to avoid unnecessary travel, large gatherings, or close contact with sick individuals.

If you develop flu symptoms such as fever, chills, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, or fatigue, take the following steps immediately:

1. Contact Your Doctor – Call your healthcare provider as soon as symptoms appear.

2. Stay Hydrated and Rest – Drink plenty of fluids, get enough rest, and eat nourishing foods to support recovery.

3. Use Safe Remedies for Symptoms –

• Use a saline nasal spray for congestion.

• Gargle with warm salt water for a sore throat.

• Use a humidifier or take steam inhalation to ease breathing.

Seek emergency medical attention if you experience:

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

• Persistent chest pain or pressure

• Severe vomiting leading to dehydration

• High fever (above 102°F or 38.9°C) that doesn’t go down

• Decreased fetal movement

If you suspect you have the flu during pregnancy, consult:

• Obstetrician/Gynecologist (OB/GYN) – Your primary pregnancy doctor will guide you on flu management and monitor your baby’s health.

• General Physician – Can provide antiviral medication and symptomatic relief for flu.

• Pulmonologist – If flu complications affect your lungs, a pulmonologist may be needed.

Flu during pregnancy is a serious concern, but prevention is key. Getting a flu vaccine, maintaining good hygiene, and taking early action if symptoms appear can protect both you and your baby. If you experience severe symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek medical help. By staying informed and proactive, you can navigate the flu season safely while ensuring a healthy pregnancy.

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Pregnancy and Flu.” www.cdc.gov

2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). “Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy.” www.acog.org

3. Mayo Clinic. “Flu and Pregnancy: What You Need to Know.” www.mayoclinic.org