First Aid for a Broken Bone

What is a Broken Bone?

• Closed (simple) fracture: The bone is broken, but the skin remains intact.
• Open (compound) fracture: The bone breaks through the skin, increasing the risk of infection.
• Greenstick fracture: The bone bends and cracks, common in children whose bones are more flexible.
• Comminuted fracture: The bone shatters into multiple pieces.
• Stress fracture: A small crack in the bone often caused by repetitive motion or overuse.

What Causes a Broken Bone?

• Falls: Children often break bones from falls during play or sports.
• Trauma: Accidents such as car crashes or collisions during sports can result in broken bones.
• Overuse: Repetitive motions or excessive force, especially in athletes, can cause stress fractures.
• Medical Conditions: Certain diseases can weaken bones, such as cancer, which may cause bones to break more easily.
• Osteoporosis: A condition where bones become weak and brittle, more common in older adults but can affect children with specific medical conditions.
• Direct blow: A direct hit to the bone, as seen in contact sports or physical altercations, can cause fractures.

What Should I Do Immediately?

• Stay Calm: Reassure your child and keep them as still as possible to avoid further injury.
• Immobilise the Area: Use a splint or padding to immobilise the affected limb. Do not try to realign the bone yourself.
• Apply Ice: Wrap ice in a cloth and apply it to the injured area to reduce swelling and pain. Avoid placing ice directly on the skin.
• Elevate: If possible, elevate the injured limb above heart level to help reduce swelling.
• Control Bleeding: If there is an open fracture with bleeding, apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth to control bleeding without pressing directly on the wound.
• Check for Shock: Symptoms of shock include pale, clammy skin, rapid pulse, and shallow breathing. If your child is in shock, lay them down with their feet elevated and cover them with a blanket.
• Seek Medical Attention: Even if the fracture appears minor, it is essential to seek medical attention to assess the injury properly.

When Does My Child Need to See a Doctor?

• They cannot move or put weight on the affected limb.
• There is visible deformity, swelling, or bruising.
• They are in severe pain, swelling, or bruising.
• The injured area is numb or has a tingling sensation.
• It is an open fracture where the bone is visible through the skin.

When Should I Call Emergency Services?

• The bone has pierced the skin (open fracture) which poses a high risk of infection.
• There is significant bleeding.
• The injured area is deformed, with the bone out of place.
• Your child is unresponsive or exhibits signs of severe shock (pale, clammy, or rapid breathing).
• You are unable to transport your child safely to the hospital.

How to Prevent Broken Bones

• Ensure Safe Play: Supervise young children during playtime, and ensure they use playground equipment properly.
• Use Protective Gear: Equip your child with appropriate protective gear for sports and physical activities, such as helmets, pads, and proper footwear.
• Promote Bone Health: Encourage a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to strengthen bones. Dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods are excellent sources.
• Regular Exercise: Promote weight-bearing exercises like walking, running, and jumping to enhance bone density.
• Safety Measures at Home: Install safety gates, secure rugs, and keep floors clear of obstacles to prevent falls.
• Education: Teach your child about the importance of safety rules and being mindful of their surroundings.
• Regular Check-ups: Monitor bone health through regular medical check-ups, especially for children and older adults.